1 10 43 https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/289e7ef7237c0809bc396639fed200f0.jpg 048ed59628d1e27ac25627057a2277ac Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Other Materials Description An account of the resource Other undefined items are categorised here, such as items made of animal skins, body parts, or something intangible. Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. Sugar painting was often done on marble or metal panels. The process of sugar painting includes four steps, including boiling down syrup, painting on a plane, sticking to a stick, removing from the plane. If a three dimensional figure is created, layers of pre-made two dimensional sugar painting. Although techniques vary, normally the hot sugar is drizzled from a small ladle onto a flat surface, usually white marble or metal. The outline is produced with a relatively thick stream of sugar. Then, supporting strands of thinner sugar are placed to attach to the outline, and fill in the body of the figure. These supporting strands may be produced with swirls, zig-zags, or other patterns. Finally, when completed, a thin wooden stick, used to hold the figure, is attached in two or more places with more sugar. Then, while still warm and pliable, the figure is removed from the surface using a spatula-like tool, and is sold to the waiting customer, or placed on display. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Sugar candy Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. It is a form of decoration and snack. Interesting Facts Origins, stories or incidents happened that are related to the item, to provide extra information and details. Some say Chen Zi'ang is the creator of it. He loved to eat brown sugar, but he liked to eat it in a unique way that he can both appreciate like an artwork and enjoy like sweets. So he melted the sugar and casted the sugar into molds to form its shape. One day, as he was holding the sugar casting on his hand, the prince passed by and saw it. He asked for it and took it away. After he got back, the emperor saw it and thought of it as an interesting invention. He complimented Chen Zi'ang and gives it a name, “sugar pancake”. So it became a snack popular in the court. After he left the palace, he spread this technique in his hometown, located in modern Sichuan province. Because of the emperor's compliment, this form of art and food became popular quickly and developed as the sugar painting nowadays. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sugar Painting 糖畫 Description An account of the resource Hot liquid sugar is used to make two-dimensional art and solidifies after cooling down. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Flat Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD) / Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) Subject The topic of the resource Painting, Drawing, Folk art Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Chen Zi'ang (陳子昂) Ming Dynasty Tang Dynasty https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/0539e6f08f0ce4814ce6a0de767bb0c0.jpg a79a02c80a3db74706c708923f5a8733 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Other Materials Description An account of the resource Other undefined items are categorised here, such as items made of animal skins, body parts, or something intangible. Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. All educated men and some court women were expected to be proficient at it, an expectation which remained well into modern times. Far more than mere writing, good calligraphy exhibited an exquisite brush control and attention to composition, but the actual manner of writing was also important with rapid, spontaneous strokes being the ideal. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Ink Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. Calligraphy initially began due to the need to record ideas and information. The unique forms of calligraphy developed and originated from China, particularly for writing Chinese characters by using ink and a brush. Furthermore, Chinese calligraphy is responsible for the development of numerous forms of art such as ornate paperweights, ink stones, and seal carving. Interesting Facts Origins, stories or incidents happened that are related to the item, to provide extra information and details. Just like in any other art, the most gifted practitioners of calligraphy became famous for their work and their scripts were copied and used in such innovations as printed books. The most revered of all Chinese calligraphers, as mentioned already, was Wang Xizhi (c. 303 - c. 365 CE), although he was a student of Lady Wei (272-349 CE). No examples of either figure’s writing survive, except possibly in extant copies of Xizhi’s. Wang Xizhi’s son, Wang Xianzhi (344-388 CE), was another famous practitioner, the pair often referred to as ‘the two Wangs’. Zhao Mengfu (1254-1322 CE) was another celebrated calligrapher who produced such precise characters placed neatly into square boxes on his paper that printers used his script for their own type blocks. Related Videos Multimedia files that visually shows the moving images https://youtu.be/yTLQuoFy6Y0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chinese Calligraphy 書法 Subject The topic of the resource Hand writing, Folk culture, Art Description An account of the resource Chinese Calligraphy is a traditional form of writing characters from the Chinese language through the use of ink and a brush. It is a tradition that is rooted in China through centuries of practice. It is an art of turning Chinese characters into images through pressure and speed variations of the pointed Chinese brush. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cheng Miao Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Han Dynasty (206 BC - 220 AD). Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Flat Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Han Dynasty https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/86a8790224561d906dcd0ab5f4207134.jpg 66c3e4217e395f302d53d1b3ed9b42c1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mineral Description An account of the resource Unearthed from the ground, minerals are some raw materials that are widely used. Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. Stones were carved to make Chinese chess pieces. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Stones Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. Chinese chess was a strategy game previously used for military training. This first chess was called The game to capture Xiang Qi, Xiang Qi being the name of the commander of the opposing army. (This battle is well established in Chinese history.) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chinese Chess 象棋棋子 Description An account of the resource The original chess was invented in China, right around 200 B.C., by a military commander named Hán Xin ("Hahn Sheen"). Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ~200 BC Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Small, Circular Disks Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Subject The topic of the resource Pawns, Chess, Game Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hán Xin ("Hahn Sheen") https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/b54d1e959cdccef4d7c8d610b5954f6b.jpg 6c6449595b90638c29ee35e777e02a03 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wood / Bamboo Description An account of the resource Given that the lower technological requirements and its usefulness, wood and bamboo are the primary raw materials among ancient Chinese people. Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. Animal hair was attached to wood. Exotic animal hair were more valuable. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Animal hair, Wood / Bamboo Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. The ink brush was commonly used in Chinese calligraphy and writing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ink Brush 毛筆 Description An account of the resource Ink brushes were used for calligraphy. It is believed that the ink brush was invented around Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC - 256 BC). The hairs of a common ink brush would be made out of goat, rabbit, mouse, pig, buffalo, wolf or Siberian weasel. To produce different brushstrokes, qualities such as hair length, thickness and texture would vary in different ink brushes. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Meng Tian Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC - 256 BC) Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Subject The topic of the resource Calligraphy, Writing Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Hand-size Zhou Dynasty https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/00294f98ccc88f77651d3db42b5b7b65.jpg 7800a1482bdc1b4f8ae1eb45b694ea5f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Paper Description An account of the resource Being one of the 4 great inventions in China, paper exists in everyone's daily life for centuries. Many products and crafts rely on papers. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cai lun Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD) Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Cloth, Paper, Wood / Bamboo Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. Kites were originally used for military intelligence but now are used as toys. Mainly, they were used for military purposes. The first kites were what we today would call prototype kites: they were made of light wood and cloth. They were designed to mimic a bird's natural flight. The first Chinese kites were used for measuring distances, which was useful information for moving large armies across difficult terrain. They were also used to calculate and record wind readings and provided a unique form of communication similar to ship flags at sea. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. Kite construction consists of three parts: framing, gluing and decoration. With framing, light woods such as bamboo were often used to create the bones of the kite. These are both light, exceptionally strong, and pliable. Many frame shapes were popular, including traditional representations of birds, butterflies and dragonflies, as well as non-winged insects such as centipedes or mythical animals like dragons. Interesting Facts Origins, stories or incidents happened that are related to the item, to provide extra information and details. It was in the city of Weifang that Marco Polo, in 1282, supposedly witnessed the flying of a manned kite. According to Marco Polo's travel diary, there existed a tradition in Weihai at the time for testing the wind with a kite in order to determine if an imminent voyage would be good or not. This was done by binding a sailor to a large kite to a ship as it "rode with the wind", then casting kite and sailor off the ship into the breeze. If the kite and its passenger flew high and straight, it was a sign that the voyage would be a good one. When he returned to Italy, Marco Polo brought with him a Chinese kite, and soon, thanks to the Silk Road, the Chinese kite became known throughout Europe, and from Europe, it would of course travel to the New World, the Americas. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chinese Kites 風箏 Description An account of the resource These kites are delicately made of paper and bamboo have numerous shapes such as swallow, centipede, butterfly etc. Regarded as an artistic marvel, the kite makers' skills in both painting and in the design of the kites' flexible flying movement are well renowned. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mozi, Lu Ban Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC – 256 BC) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Flat, Colourful Subject The topic of the resource Entertainment, Folk art, Decoration Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Zhou Dynasty https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/cf6e5b00d5ba7557dc478bafc4057be7.jpg 31efd7ac0dae9527b8657d86de9ef6fb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ceramic Description An account of the resource Ceramic (from clay) produces a lot of containers and tools for many ancient Chinese people. Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. Different parts of a Terracotta warrior were created separately then assembled afterwards. Each of the 8,000 terracotta warriors is unique, with a different face and facial expression, and they vary in uniform and hairstyle in accordance with rank. Archeologists believe that they were manufactured in workshops by government labourers and local craftsmen. After completion, the figures were positioned in the tomb along with real weapons and body armour (subsequently stolen) in precise military formation. At the very beginning, when the Army was made, the whole army, including warriors, chariots and horses, was painted and looked more colorful than it does today. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Ceramic Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. The Terracotta Army was meant to protect Qin Shi Huang in the afterlife. Interesting Facts Origins, stories or incidents happened that are related to the item, to provide extra information and details. In 1974 when the vaults were opened and exposed to the atmosphere. The original colour coatings were severely damaged, then aged and peeled off, thanks to quick oxidation when the sculptures are unearthed. Xia Yin, director of the relics-protection department at Emperor Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum Site Museum explains what happened: “Practically every warrior and horse was painted, but having been buried for more than 2,200 years the pigments were so old they began to change just 15 seconds after they were unearthed. Within four minutes the painting layers bound together by pigments became dehydrated, tilted and broke from the surface.” Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Terracotta Army 兵馬俑 Description An account of the resource The Terracotta Army (also known as the "Terracotta Warriors") is a massive collection of terracotta sculpture consisting of 8,000 clay warriors and horses which were discovered in 1974 next to the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, Qin Shi Huangdi, who died in 210 BC, in Shaanxi province, China. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Qin Shi Huangdi Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Height: 184-197cm (6ft-6ft 5in) Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Subject The topic of the resource Ceramic, Funeral, War Qin Dynasty https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/3d274c2d42cd9d6fa54ee2c4126e7908.jpg b3746094b6007b2f416673f4d4588cc0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fabric Description An account of the resource Fabric, whether it is made by wool, or silk, involves in Chinese people's everyday life. Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. Silkworm cocoons are harvested and spun into a thread. The thread is woven into a fabric. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Silk, Fabric, Silkworms Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. It is used as a material. Interesting Facts Origins, stories or incidents happened that are related to the item, to provide extra information and details. According to Confucius himself, about the year 2,700 BC... The wife of the Yellow Emperor Huangdi was having tea under a mulberry tree when a silkworm cocoon fell into her cup. As she watched, a strand of fiber unspun from the cocoon, and she realized that the strong filament could be used to make cloth. Thus, an industry was born. She taught her people how to raise silkworms and later invented the loom. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chinese Silk 絲綢 Description An account of the resource A silkworm produces 1000 meters (3280 feet) of silk thread in its lifespan of just 28 days and is of great value. Major local silk products in China are Shu, Yun, Song Brocade and brocades by ethnic minorities such as the Zhuang and the Dong peoples are well renowned. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Prior Xia Dynasty (3630 BC) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Flat, Sheet Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Subject The topic of the resource Clothes, Silkworms Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The wife of the Yellow Emperor Huangdi Prior Xia Dynasty https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/aa062112e7d2f9afe7450dab3b392b5a.jpg 3c83e9101104fa9d4e12758e561fa716 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Paper Description An account of the resource Being one of the 4 great inventions in China, paper exists in everyone's daily life for centuries. Many products and crafts rely on papers. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cai lun Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD) Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. Sky lanterns are traditionally made from oiled rice paper on a bamboo frame. The source of hot air may be a small candle or fuel cell composed of a waxy flammable material. Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. In ancient China, sky lanterns were strategically used in wars, in a similar way as kites were used in ancient Chinese warfare, such as military communication (transmitting secret messages), signaling, surveillance or spying, lighting the sky when laying siege on the city at night etc. However, later on, non-military applications were employed as they became popular with children at festivals. These lanterns were subsequently incorporated into festivals like the Chinese Mid-Autumn and Lantern Festivals. Interesting Facts Origins, stories or incidents happened that are related to the item, to provide extra information and details. The invention is traditionally attributed to the sage and military strategist Zhuge Liang (181–234 CE), whose reverent term of address was Kongming. He is said to have used a message written on a sky lantern to summon help on an occasion when he was surrounded by enemy troops. For this reason, they are still known in China as Kongming lanterns. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Bamboo, Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sky Lantern 天燈 Subject The topic of the resource Sky, Lantern, Festival, Wishes and Blessings Description An account of the resource A sky lantern, also known as Kongming lantern, is a small hot air balloon made of paper, with an opening at the bottom where a small fire is suspended. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zhuge Liang Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Three-kingdoms Period (220 AD - 280 AD) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Thin paper shell 30 cm to 200 cm, Opening at the bottom. Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Three-kingdoms Period https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/2a9d9af251dfda7b0bc2ea726eb9d26d.jpeg 23b826b1b9e3402477520dcdf1ae9069 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Other Materials Description An account of the resource Other undefined items are categorised here, such as items made of animal skins, body parts, or something intangible. Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. Nets would be tied to posts to form goals while the ball was stuffed with feathers. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Feather, Net, Fabric Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. It is used as a form of entertainment and military training. Interesting Facts Origins, stories or incidents happened that are related to the item, to provide extra information and details. Historically, there were two main styles of Cuju: zhuqiu and baida. Zhuqiu was commonly performed at court feasts celebrating the emperor's birthday or during diplomatic events. A competitive cuju match of this type normally consisted of two teams with 12–16 players on each side. Baida became dominant during the Song Dynasty, a style that attached much importance to developing personal skills. Scoring goals became obsolete when using this method with the playing field enclosed using thread and players taking turns to kick the ball within these set limits. The number of fouls made by the players decided the winner. For example, if the ball was not passed far enough to reach other team members, points were deducted. If the ball was kicked too far out, a large deduction from the score would result. Kicking the ball too low or turning at the wrong moment all led to fewer points. Players could touch the ball with any part of the body except their hands, whilst the number of players ranged anywhere from two to ten. In the end, the player with the highest score won. Related Videos Multimedia files that visually shows the moving images https://youtu.be/XUBWojS3kH4 https://youtu.be/7s6znqM09AI Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cuju 蹴鞠 Description An account of the resource “Cu” means to kick, “ju” refers to a type of leather ball filled with feathers, and Cuju means "kick the ball with foot". The Han Dynasty (206 BC - 220 AD), Cuju was not only the recreational activity of the general public, but also an important means of military training. At the same time, cuju games were made more uniform with the establishment of rules. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Han Dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD) Relation A related resource Chinese Shuttlecock Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Fist-sized ball Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Subject The topic of the resource Sports, Entertainment Han Dynasty https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/26b84caf095e2d9c2b846d18c92547ee.jpg 18d8686b516f5856f5a92ba1ad367713 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mineral Description An account of the resource Unearthed from the ground, minerals are some raw materials that are widely used. Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. Typically, the shape of the stone is maintained and decorations are carved in. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Stone, Mineral Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. Pigment was ground on ink slabs. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ink Slab 硯 Description An account of the resource Ink slabs originated from the grinding implements used in primitive Chinese society to grind pigment on stone. There is a lot of archeological evidence to show that ancient Chinese used ink slabs for grinding ink. A stone ink slab was found in a 5,000-year-old archaeological site in Jiazhai,Shanxi Province. In the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD), ink slabs were widely used as writing utensils. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Han Dynasty (206 BC - 220 AD) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Flat, Circular Subject The topic of the resource Calligraphy Han Dynasty