1 10 43 https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/65fcd4bdc179c7de4245b5dca65f2246.jpg 462cb7443c2abfb33587d51288c708e1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Metal Description An account of the resource Similar to minerals, metals are considered as abundant raw materials for crafting products. Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. The most popular style of the first Chinese compass used a lodestone (which automatically points to the south) and a bronze plate. The lodestone was carved into the shape of a spoon. The spoon was placed on a flat plate of bronze. As the bronze plate was moved, the lodestone spun around and came to a stop in a north-to-south orientation with the handle pointing to the south. The “magnetized” lodestone aligned itself with the Earth’s magnetic field. This style of compass was called a “south-pointer”. The bronze plate was also marked with constellations, cardinal points, and other symbols important to the Ancient Chinese. Another style of compass was made by placing an iron needle that had been rubbed with a lodestone on a piece of wood and floating the wood in a bowl of water. The water allowed the wood to move or spin around until the iron oxide needle was pointing south. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Bronze, Metal, Magnet, Iron Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. The original use of Ancient Chinese compasses was for maintaining harmony and prosperity with one’s environment and for telling the future. Additionally, the Ancient Chinese used the compass for navigation – to find their way home when traveling. The use of the compass for travel also gave the advantage of being able to travel no matter the weather condition. If clouds or fog masked the sun or the stars, you could still travel because the compass would point you in the right direction. Interesting Facts Origins, stories or incidents happened that are related to the item, to provide extra information and details. One of the first recordings of using a compass for navigation was during the Northern Song dynasty (960 CE – 1126 CE). These compasses were made by floating a magnetized needle in water. The needle could move freely in the water and point to the earth’s magnetic poles no matter the movement from the ship or boat. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chinese Compass 指南針 Subject The topic of the resource Sailing, Direction, Navigation Description An account of the resource The compass was invented more than 2000 years ago. The Ancient Chinese compass was made from iron oxide, a mineral ore. Iron oxide is also known as lodestone and magneta. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Han Dynasty (206 BC–220 AD) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Metallic Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Han Dynasty https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/6649e47c4c043f87eb3cb4d2f85d48ca.jpg 7ec630690c758091481ee4fa3b9db16a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Paper Description An account of the resource Being one of the 4 great inventions in China, paper exists in everyone's daily life for centuries. Many products and crafts rely on papers. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cai lun Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD) Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. Like calligraphy, traditional Chinese painting is done using a brush dipped in black ink or coloured pigments, usually on paper or silk. The finished work can be mounted on scrolls and hung. - Gongbi (工筆) literally 'working pen', is a meticulous style, rich in colour and detailed brush strokes. It is often used for portraits or narrative subjects. - Xieyi (寫意) meaning “freehand", is a looser style of painting, and usually used in landscapes. Xieyi often features exaggerated forms, and expresses the artist’s feelings. It is also called shuimo (水墨) meaning 'watercolour and ink'. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Ink, Pigment, Paper Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. Traditional painting has also been done on walls, porcelain and lacquer ware. Traditionally, paintings were used to visually record incidents or any object. Interesting Facts Origins, stories or incidents happened that are related to the item, to provide extra information and details. It would take years for a calligrapher to master this art. It involved writing the letters perfectly, and since there are over 40,000 different characters in the Chinese alphabet, you can imagine how hard this was to master! Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chinese Painting 國畫 Subject The topic of the resource Painting, Folk art, Decoration Description An account of the resource Chinese painting is done on paper or silk, using a variety of brushes, ink and dye. Subjects vary, including: portrait, landscape, flowers, birds, animals, and insects. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Warring States period (475–221 BC) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Flat Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Warring States period https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/0539e6f08f0ce4814ce6a0de767bb0c0.jpg a79a02c80a3db74706c708923f5a8733 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Other Materials Description An account of the resource Other undefined items are categorised here, such as items made of animal skins, body parts, or something intangible. Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. All educated men and some court women were expected to be proficient at it, an expectation which remained well into modern times. Far more than mere writing, good calligraphy exhibited an exquisite brush control and attention to composition, but the actual manner of writing was also important with rapid, spontaneous strokes being the ideal. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Ink Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. Calligraphy initially began due to the need to record ideas and information. The unique forms of calligraphy developed and originated from China, particularly for writing Chinese characters by using ink and a brush. Furthermore, Chinese calligraphy is responsible for the development of numerous forms of art such as ornate paperweights, ink stones, and seal carving. Interesting Facts Origins, stories or incidents happened that are related to the item, to provide extra information and details. Just like in any other art, the most gifted practitioners of calligraphy became famous for their work and their scripts were copied and used in such innovations as printed books. The most revered of all Chinese calligraphers, as mentioned already, was Wang Xizhi (c. 303 - c. 365 CE), although he was a student of Lady Wei (272-349 CE). No examples of either figure’s writing survive, except possibly in extant copies of Xizhi’s. Wang Xizhi’s son, Wang Xianzhi (344-388 CE), was another famous practitioner, the pair often referred to as ‘the two Wangs’. Zhao Mengfu (1254-1322 CE) was another celebrated calligrapher who produced such precise characters placed neatly into square boxes on his paper that printers used his script for their own type blocks. Related Videos Multimedia files that visually shows the moving images https://youtu.be/yTLQuoFy6Y0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chinese Calligraphy 書法 Subject The topic of the resource Hand writing, Folk culture, Art Description An account of the resource Chinese Calligraphy is a traditional form of writing characters from the Chinese language through the use of ink and a brush. It is a tradition that is rooted in China through centuries of practice. It is an art of turning Chinese characters into images through pressure and speed variations of the pointed Chinese brush. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cheng Miao Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Han Dynasty (206 BC - 220 AD). Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Flat Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Han Dynasty https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/dc7d31a73b4c6ce5a4e1a6ae3d36a748.jpg d10b8544b09aa6a06a85a34b761a600f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wood / Bamboo Description An account of the resource Given that the lower technological requirements and its usefulness, wood and bamboo are the primary raw materials among ancient Chinese people. Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. The wooden components such as the columns, beams, purlins, lintel and bracket sets are connected by tenon joints in a flexible, earthquake-resistant way. The surprisingly strong frames can be installed quickly at the building site by assembling components manufactured in advance. In addition to this structural carpentry, the architectural craft also encompasses decorative woodworking, tile roofing, stonework, decorative painting and other arts passed down from masters to apprentices through verbal and practical instruction. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Wood Interesting Facts Origins, stories or incidents happened that are related to the item, to provide extra information and details. Chinese timber-framed architectures naturally require a special method of fixing the joints – or the right-angled contact surfaces – of the pillars and beams, such that the finished building could withstand the rigors of wind and weather, and, not least, the violence inflicted by minor earthquakes. Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. Such kind of wooden structures are widely used for buildings and temples. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chinese Timber-framed Structures 木結構建築 Subject The topic of the resource Architecture, Lifestyle, Decoration Description An account of the resource Standing as distinctive symbols of Chinese architectural culture, timber-framed structures are found throughout the country. The wooden components such as the columns, beams, purlins, lintel and bracket sets are connected by tenon joints in a flexible, earthquake-resistant way. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Xia Dynasty (2000-1500 BC) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Wooden texture, Colourful, Decorated Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Xia Dynasty https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/aa062112e7d2f9afe7450dab3b392b5a.jpg 3c83e9101104fa9d4e12758e561fa716 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Paper Description An account of the resource Being one of the 4 great inventions in China, paper exists in everyone's daily life for centuries. Many products and crafts rely on papers. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cai lun Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD) Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. Sky lanterns are traditionally made from oiled rice paper on a bamboo frame. The source of hot air may be a small candle or fuel cell composed of a waxy flammable material. Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. In ancient China, sky lanterns were strategically used in wars, in a similar way as kites were used in ancient Chinese warfare, such as military communication (transmitting secret messages), signaling, surveillance or spying, lighting the sky when laying siege on the city at night etc. However, later on, non-military applications were employed as they became popular with children at festivals. These lanterns were subsequently incorporated into festivals like the Chinese Mid-Autumn and Lantern Festivals. Interesting Facts Origins, stories or incidents happened that are related to the item, to provide extra information and details. The invention is traditionally attributed to the sage and military strategist Zhuge Liang (181–234 CE), whose reverent term of address was Kongming. He is said to have used a message written on a sky lantern to summon help on an occasion when he was surrounded by enemy troops. For this reason, they are still known in China as Kongming lanterns. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Bamboo, Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sky Lantern 天燈 Subject The topic of the resource Sky, Lantern, Festival, Wishes and Blessings Description An account of the resource A sky lantern, also known as Kongming lantern, is a small hot air balloon made of paper, with an opening at the bottom where a small fire is suspended. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zhuge Liang Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Three-kingdoms Period (220 AD - 280 AD) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Thin paper shell 30 cm to 200 cm, Opening at the bottom. Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Three-kingdoms Period https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/40a26da64eb0b6363f4c9776e1c378e7.jpg 8f5d06b49631e17949a53d27507ab1be Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Other Materials Description An account of the resource Other undefined items are categorised here, such as items made of animal skins, body parts, or something intangible. Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. With Magnolia buds used for making its body, cicada torso used for the limbs, and cicada antennae used for the tail. They do it by taking magnolia buds gathered in early spring, when they are covered with a fluffy down, and attaching the heads and legs of cicada carapaces – resembling minuscule lobster claws – which the insects shed in high summer and leave on the trunks of the trees in which they live. Bending these claws into arms and legs, the artists then set the miniature monkey-like figures in old-fashioned Beijing street scenes, selling toffee apples, playing Chinese checkers, sharpening knives, or grilling lamb kebabs, and place the decorative tableau under glass domes for protection. Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. Modeled on human actions and scenes from daily life, the handicrafts vividly represent urban life and customs, like barbers, fortune-tellers, hawkers of sugarcoated haws on a stick and so on. Some of the handicrafts form a complete set of artworks, such as "The County Magistrate on Inspection," and "Marriage Series," which were sometimes available at the stalls of temple fair and in the Dong'an Market as well as some toyshops in Quanye Department Store. In recent years, additional creations of this handicraft, which, while sticking to the traditional subjects, also reflects the real modern life. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Magnolia buds, Cicada Interesting Facts Origins, stories or incidents happened that are related to the item, to provide extra information and details. The creation of hairy monkeys was quite an accident. In the late Qing Dynasty (1644-1911 AD), there was a drug store named "South Qingren Hall". One day, two assistant chemists in the store, while fiddling with some Chinese medicine, worked out a small monkey-like toy with a shed cicada skin, a hairy white magnolia bud, a bletilla striata (the stem of a kind of plant) and an akebi (another kind of plant). Their accidental creation caught the attention of the shopkeeper, who then suggested selling the four Chinese medicines in a pack as raw materials for making such toys. Hairy monkeys then became popular as a folk handicraft, but were limited among the small number of folk artists and the banner men ("Banners" is the military organization of the Qing Dynasty). Though the raw materials are quite simple, the artists are capable of designing exquisite patterns through their observation and perceptual knowledge of a wide range of images. By using the hairy magnolia bud as the body, and adhering the head and claws cut from the cicada to it, they can create artworks of various kinds of shapes and postures. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hairy Monkey 毛猴 Subject The topic of the resource Insect Toy, Folk culture Description An account of the resource The Hairy Monkey was probably invented in Beijing during the Qing Dynasty. The most common Hairy Monkey sculptures feature dancing or posturing monkeys. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Qing Dynasty (1644-1911 AD) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Small, Furry Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Qing Dynasty https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/498abd346a8be34392760e4a5a0a837b.jpg f128e42e50738c28a15df1764a628296 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wood / Bamboo Description An account of the resource Given that the lower technological requirements and its usefulness, wood and bamboo are the primary raw materials among ancient Chinese people. Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Method Besides sophisticated acting skills, the carving of the puppet is also a specialized and complicated art. A Quanzhou stringed puppet alone comes in over 300 varieties in order to play a number of different characters. Usage Each puppet was manipulated through dozens of strings attached to its limbs by the puppeteer’s ten fingers. Wearing exaggerated expressions, the puppet makes all kinds of moves as the puppeteer pulls the strings. The puppet can perform intricate movements including holding a brush, grinding an ink stick, and writing Chinese characters on paper. This stringed puppet can have sixteen to thirty strings and is very difficult to manipulate. In order to operate it with ease, the performer has to spend long hours in professional training. An accomplished performer can read lines, sing, and control the puppet’s different postures and movements at the same time, synchronizing himself with the puppet as a whole. Chinese marionette plays are mostly performed in the open air without a curtain to conceal the puppeteers, unlike the common practice in the West, and spectators can see both the performances and the performers from the three sides of the stage. In the West, the audiences usually expect the performers to be hidden. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. Besides sophisticated acting skills, the carving of the puppet is also a specialized and complicated art. A Quanzhou stringed puppet alone comes in over 300 varieties in order to play a number of different characters. Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. Each puppet was manipulated through dozens of strings attached to its limbs by the puppeteer’s ten fingers. Wearing exaggerated expressions, the puppet makes all kinds of moves as the puppeteer pulls the strings. The puppet can perform intricate movements including holding a brush, grinding an ink stick, and writing Chinese characters on paper. This stringed puppet can have sixteen to thirty strings and is very difficult to manipulate. In order to operate it with ease, the performer has to spend long hours in professional training. An accomplished performer can read lines, sing, and control the puppet’s different postures and movements at the same time, synchronizing himself with the puppet as a whole. Chinese marionette plays are mostly performed in the open air without a curtain to conceal the puppeteers, unlike the common practice in the West, and spectators can see both the performances and the performers from the three sides of the stage. In the West, the audiences usually expect the performers to be hidden. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Wood, Paper, Fabric Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Marionettes on strings or wire like the old time Pinocchio or as in the picture to the right were once popular in the China before the advent of motion pictures. Puppet art is a medium of performance with puppets. How is the puppet produced? It is inconclusive. The Yinxu in Anyang, Henan Province, unearthed the slave Tao Xun (the Shang Dynasty, the first 16th century before the first 16th century), and the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period had a raft. The music, songs and genres excavated from the Western Han Tombs in Mawangdui, Changsha, have made great progress in craftsmanship, variety and modeling. Title A name given to the resource Marionette Puppetry 木偶 Subject The topic of the resource Wood, Strings, Theatre, Performance Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Han Dynasty (202 BC - 220 AD) Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource China Puppet Theater, Shichahai Shadow Art Performance Hotel, The Shanghai Puppet Theater Relation A related resource Shadow Puppetry Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Height: 60 cm - 80 cm Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Han Dynasty https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/a7085f06da88e6fb8188c2c5c0610aa4.jpg ee4c1ad520f84cdbae00b0dc578ba857 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ceramic Description An account of the resource Ceramic (from clay) produces a lot of containers and tools for many ancient Chinese people. Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Method Applying a variety of over-glaze pigments to decorative schemes of flower, landscape and figurative scenes, these wares have gained great fame in the West. In the eighteenth century, borrowing from techniques in the decoration of metalware, enamel was painted on porcelain to create vivid colors and stunning patterns. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. Applying a variety of over-glaze pigments to decorative schemes of flower, landscape and figurative scenes, these wares have gained great fame in the West. In the eighteenth century, borrowing from techniques in the decoration of metalware, enamel was painted on porcelain to create vivid colors and stunning patterns. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Ceramic Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. It was used for decoration. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Enamel Painted Porcelain 琺瑯彩繪瓷 （景泰藍） Description An account of the resource Enamel Painted Porcelain was pottery that featured unique techniques such as overglaze painting and cloisonné (embedding of minerals). It emerged during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912 AD) which dubbed it as Qing porcelain. The Qing imperial court would order custom-made pieces of enamel painted porcelain. Subject The topic of the resource Porcelain, Colour, Pattern Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Ordinary Chinese Porcelain Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Qing Dynasty (1644-1912 AD) Relation A related resource White Porcelain, Blue and White Porcelain, Black Porcelain, Celadon Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Hard, Smooth, Colourful Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Qing Dynasty https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/768b39e808c16c6f2bfd53cb4fff4049.jpg 933fcb6fa0cf76b374a9c36a1c3d2de9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ceramic Description An account of the resource Ceramic (from clay) produces a lot of containers and tools for many ancient Chinese people. Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Method It used a higher concentration of black iron oxide below the clear glaze. Usage The earliest black porcelain appeared in the Shang and Zhou era (1600–221 BC). However, not until the Song Dynasty (970–1279) did it became pervasive. Then in the Ming Dynasty, it declined in popularity, and was considered as a second-rate household product. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. It used a higher concentration of black iron oxide below the clear glaze. Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. The earliest black porcelain appeared in the Shang and Zhou era (1600–221 BC). However, not until the Song Dynasty (970–1279 AD) did it became pervasive. Then in the Ming Dynasty, it declined in popularity, and was considered as a second-rate household product. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Ceramic Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Porcelain 黑瓷 Description An account of the resource Black porcelain is a type of pottery with a pure black base which was achieved by using a black iron glaze. It started during the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BC) and was for ordinary use. Subject The topic of the resource Black Colour, Pottery, Porcelain Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BC) Relation A related resource Enamel Painted Porcelain, Celadon, Blue and White Porcelain, White Porcelain Type The nature or genre of the resource craft Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Hard, Smooth, Black Shang Dynasty https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/b33a407154b2f1c84a15ea872775dc7f.jpg b1dfcb8bfaf9f50e00545272bf03ca13 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ceramic Description An account of the resource Ceramic (from clay) produces a lot of containers and tools for many ancient Chinese people. Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Method Celadon is created using stoneware (or porcelain) and fired in a reduction kiln, one of the reasons being is this has the highest reaction with iron oxide, which is used in the glaze. The ingredients are carefully mixed (as not enough or too much of something can dramatically alter the final outcome). Some wares were coated with a thin layer of slip containing iron before they were glazed. The method of creating Longquan pottery is incredibly precise (as with all celadon wares) and actually goes through a cycle of six stages of heating and cooling. The temperatures reach a maximum of 1310 degrees Celsius and through the entire process, the firing of the stoneware glazes are carefully controlled. UNESCO states that in Longquan pottery there are two types of celadon: ‘elder brother’ which has a ‘black finish and a crackle effect’ and the ‘younger brother’ has a ‘thick lavender-grey and plum-green finish’. The rich coloring of traditional celadon comes from the fact it’s fired at very high temperatures, ranging from 2,300 degrees Fahrenheit up to 2,381 degrees Fahrenheit. Goryeo ceramics coloring comes mainly from the type of clay that’s used, as typically there’s a lot of iron in the clay, plus ‘iron oxide and manganese oxide and quartz particles in the glaze’. Usage It possesses a similar color to jade, and gained high prices both at home and aboard. Before blue and white porcelain took center stage, celadon was highly recognized by the Chinese imperial court. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. Celadon is created using stoneware (or porcelain) and fired in a reduction kiln, one of the reasons being is this has the highest reaction with iron oxide, which is used in the glaze. The ingredients are carefully mixed (as not enough or too much of something can dramatically alter the final outcome). Some wares were coated with a thin layer of slip containing iron before they were glazed. The method of creating Longquan pottery is incredibly precise (as with all celadon wares) and actually goes through a cycle of six stages of heating and cooling. The temperatures reach a maximum of 1310 degrees Celsius and through the entire process, the firing of the stoneware glazes are carefully controlled. UNESCO states that in Longquan pottery there are two types of celadon: ‘elder brother’ which has a ‘black finish and a crackle effect’ and the ‘younger brother’ has a ‘thick lavender-grey and plum-green finish’. The rich coloring of traditional celadon comes from the fact it’s fired at very high temperatures, ranging from 2,300 degrees Fahrenheit up to 2,381 degrees Fahrenheit. Goryeo ceramics coloring comes mainly from the type of clay that’s used, as typically there’s a lot of iron in the clay, plus ‘iron oxide and manganese oxide and quartz particles in the glaze’. Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. It possesses a similar color to jade, and gained high prices both at home and aboard. Before blue and white porcelain took center stage, celadon was highly recognized by the Chinese imperial court. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Ceramic Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Celadon 青瓷 Description An account of the resource Celadon was a type of pottery finished off with a pale grayish-green glaze. To give off this effect, the ceramic would be applied with liquified clay rich in iron before being heated up. The iron in the clay would oxidize to unravel its distinct colour. Celadon dates back to the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BC) and the Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BC). Subject The topic of the resource Green, Porcelain, Pottery Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BC) & Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BC) Relation A related resource White Porcelain, Blue and White Porcelain, Black Porcelain, Enamel Painted Porcelain Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Smooth texture Shang Dynasty