1 10 6 https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/6649e47c4c043f87eb3cb4d2f85d48ca.jpg 7ec630690c758091481ee4fa3b9db16a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Paper Description An account of the resource Being one of the 4 great inventions in China, paper exists in everyone's daily life for centuries. Many products and crafts rely on papers. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cai lun Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD) Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. Like calligraphy, traditional Chinese painting is done using a brush dipped in black ink or coloured pigments, usually on paper or silk. The finished work can be mounted on scrolls and hung. - Gongbi (工筆) literally 'working pen', is a meticulous style, rich in colour and detailed brush strokes. It is often used for portraits or narrative subjects. - Xieyi (寫意) meaning “freehand", is a looser style of painting, and usually used in landscapes. Xieyi often features exaggerated forms, and expresses the artist’s feelings. It is also called shuimo (水墨) meaning 'watercolour and ink'. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Ink, Pigment, Paper Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. Traditional painting has also been done on walls, porcelain and lacquer ware. Traditionally, paintings were used to visually record incidents or any object. Interesting Facts Origins, stories or incidents happened that are related to the item, to provide extra information and details. It would take years for a calligrapher to master this art. It involved writing the letters perfectly, and since there are over 40,000 different characters in the Chinese alphabet, you can imagine how hard this was to master! Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chinese Painting 國畫 Subject The topic of the resource Painting, Folk art, Decoration Description An account of the resource Chinese painting is done on paper or silk, using a variety of brushes, ink and dye. Subjects vary, including: portrait, landscape, flowers, birds, animals, and insects. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Warring States period (475–221 BC) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Flat Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Warring States period https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/10baf41c1759d436785891ab0c89085d.jpg 8e282d3c325fc18488d7267476cbc96d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Paper Description An account of the resource Being one of the 4 great inventions in China, paper exists in everyone's daily life for centuries. Many products and crafts rely on papers. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cai lun Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD) Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. It is made of a thin material (such as paper or feathers) mounted on slats which revolve around a pivot so that it can be closed when not in use. The folding fan is composed of sticks (the outer two called guards) held together at the handle end by a rivet or pin. On the sticks is mounted a leaf that is pleated so that the fan may be opened or closed. The production of a folding fan involves intense manual work of around 145 procedures, including dying, gluing, painting, engraving, and inlaying work. There are a wide range of options for materials of fan ribs, including bamboo, sandalwood, ebony, tortoiseshell, ivory, mother of pearl, bones, etc., with bamboo the most common. The application of precious materials not only make the fans more visually-appealing, but also increase their value. Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. In the Ming dynasty, folding fans had such a rapid development thanks to the support of the royal court that they became a necessary accessory to an elegant life. This form of art reached its heyday in the later Qing dynasty (1644-1912 AD), a little too widespread in the eyes of some. It was a popular tradition of exchanging folding fans with pieces of calligraphy and painting of poetic landscapes on the panel as gifts of friendship among the literati, especially in the Jiangnan area of China, namely, the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, where men of letters and artists clustered during that period. When it came to the Republic of China era (1912-1949 AD), folding fans became valuable items for collection while continuing to fulfill the function of expressing friendship. Panel calligraphies and paintings, featuring natural, refreshing and lively styles, achieved popularity with the aid of the special form of folding fan panels. Many people at that time took pride in the possession of one folding fan with painting or calligraphy by a well-known artist. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Wood, Bamboo, Fabric Interesting Facts Origins, stories or incidents happened that are related to the item, to provide extra information and details. It has been popular to draw fans or write poems about fans, and paint or write on paper fans. There is a story about Wang Xizhi (303-361 AD), who is best known for his mastery of Chinese calligraphy. He is regarded as one of the greatest Chinese calligraphers in history and his works have exerted a far-reaching influence on future generations. However, it is a pity his works were lost and only the replicas in the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) have been preserved till today. It is said that once Wang saw an elderly lady selling fans. As it was the end of the summer, business was not so good. She looked very upset, so Wang decided to help her. He wrote a few characters on each fan and told the old woman to raise the price. On seeing calligraphy by Wang on those fans, people all competed to buy them, which then sold out very quickly. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chinese Folding Fan 紙扇 Description An account of the resource Handheld fan, or simply hand fan, may be any broad, flat surface that is waved back-and-forth to create an airflow. Generally, purpose-made handheld fans are folding fans, which are shaped like a sector of a circle. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Northern and Southern Dynasties (420-589 AD) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Hand-held size, Sector shape Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Subject The topic of the resource Fan, Folk art, Decoration, Calligraphy Northern and Southern Dynasties https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/2c3a40e6f6d380d99ea7b55432cbf3df.jpg 9c5542087c9d52724b93654064b57e8d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Paper Description An account of the resource Being one of the 4 great inventions in China, paper exists in everyone's daily life for centuries. Many products and crafts rely on papers. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cai lun Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD) Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. There are two methods of making paper cuttings, one is using scissors, and the other is using knives. Scissor cuttings can make several paper cuttings at one time by cutting several papers together, while knife cuttings are made on a swampy mixture of ashes and tallow, which can make only one piece at one time. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Paper Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. Paper cuttings were mainly used in regional rituals, decorations and styling. In the past, paper was cut into images of people or things such as money and clothes, which were buried with the dead or burned at funerals. This is a superstition that these things burned or buried would accompany the dead in another world. Paper cuttings were also used to decorate sacrifices. Interesting Facts Origins, stories or incidents happened that are related to the item, to provide extra information and details. In rural areas, paper cutting is traditionally a handicraft for women. In the past, every girl was supposed to master it and brides were often judged by their skills. Professional paper cutting artists are, on the other hand, usually males who earned guaranteed incomes by working in workshops. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Paper-Cuttings 剪紙 Description An account of the resource Paper-Cuttings are diversified patterns cut into red paper with scissors. Different patterns such as monkey, flowers and figures can be cut vividly and perfectly by some female artisans in rural areas. People paste paper-cuttings onto their windows and other places to express their hopes and wishes. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Han Dynasty (202 BC– 220 AD) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Flat, Red Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Subject The topic of the resource Folk art, Festival, Decoration Han Dynasty https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/00294f98ccc88f77651d3db42b5b7b65.jpg 7800a1482bdc1b4f8ae1eb45b694ea5f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Paper Description An account of the resource Being one of the 4 great inventions in China, paper exists in everyone's daily life for centuries. Many products and crafts rely on papers. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cai lun Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD) Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Cloth, Paper, Wood / Bamboo Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. Kites were originally used for military intelligence but now are used as toys. Mainly, they were used for military purposes. The first kites were what we today would call prototype kites: they were made of light wood and cloth. They were designed to mimic a bird's natural flight. The first Chinese kites were used for measuring distances, which was useful information for moving large armies across difficult terrain. They were also used to calculate and record wind readings and provided a unique form of communication similar to ship flags at sea. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. Kite construction consists of three parts: framing, gluing and decoration. With framing, light woods such as bamboo were often used to create the bones of the kite. These are both light, exceptionally strong, and pliable. Many frame shapes were popular, including traditional representations of birds, butterflies and dragonflies, as well as non-winged insects such as centipedes or mythical animals like dragons. Interesting Facts Origins, stories or incidents happened that are related to the item, to provide extra information and details. It was in the city of Weifang that Marco Polo, in 1282, supposedly witnessed the flying of a manned kite. According to Marco Polo's travel diary, there existed a tradition in Weihai at the time for testing the wind with a kite in order to determine if an imminent voyage would be good or not. This was done by binding a sailor to a large kite to a ship as it "rode with the wind", then casting kite and sailor off the ship into the breeze. If the kite and its passenger flew high and straight, it was a sign that the voyage would be a good one. When he returned to Italy, Marco Polo brought with him a Chinese kite, and soon, thanks to the Silk Road, the Chinese kite became known throughout Europe, and from Europe, it would of course travel to the New World, the Americas. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chinese Kites 風箏 Description An account of the resource These kites are delicately made of paper and bamboo have numerous shapes such as swallow, centipede, butterfly etc. Regarded as an artistic marvel, the kite makers' skills in both painting and in the design of the kites' flexible flying movement are well renowned. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mozi, Lu Ban Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC – 256 BC) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Flat, Colourful Subject The topic of the resource Entertainment, Folk art, Decoration Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Zhou Dynasty https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/aa062112e7d2f9afe7450dab3b392b5a.jpg 3c83e9101104fa9d4e12758e561fa716 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Paper Description An account of the resource Being one of the 4 great inventions in China, paper exists in everyone's daily life for centuries. Many products and crafts rely on papers. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cai lun Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD) Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. Sky lanterns are traditionally made from oiled rice paper on a bamboo frame. The source of hot air may be a small candle or fuel cell composed of a waxy flammable material. Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. In ancient China, sky lanterns were strategically used in wars, in a similar way as kites were used in ancient Chinese warfare, such as military communication (transmitting secret messages), signaling, surveillance or spying, lighting the sky when laying siege on the city at night etc. However, later on, non-military applications were employed as they became popular with children at festivals. These lanterns were subsequently incorporated into festivals like the Chinese Mid-Autumn and Lantern Festivals. Interesting Facts Origins, stories or incidents happened that are related to the item, to provide extra information and details. The invention is traditionally attributed to the sage and military strategist Zhuge Liang (181–234 CE), whose reverent term of address was Kongming. He is said to have used a message written on a sky lantern to summon help on an occasion when he was surrounded by enemy troops. For this reason, they are still known in China as Kongming lanterns. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Bamboo, Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sky Lantern 天燈 Subject The topic of the resource Sky, Lantern, Festival, Wishes and Blessings Description An account of the resource A sky lantern, also known as Kongming lantern, is a small hot air balloon made of paper, with an opening at the bottom where a small fire is suspended. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zhuge Liang Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Three-kingdoms Period (220 AD - 280 AD) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Thin paper shell 30 cm to 200 cm, Opening at the bottom. Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Three-kingdoms Period https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/94e1b1453224d2c937e45f4651167aef.jpg 0e785a7c533aab472878caaea5bcecbf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Paper Description An account of the resource Being one of the 4 great inventions in China, paper exists in everyone's daily life for centuries. Many products and crafts rely on papers. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cai lun Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD) Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. The materials for making a lantern are very simplistic. Historically, bamboo, wood, rattan, or wire was used for the frame. The shade was crafted from delicate paper or silk. Lanterns were often decorated with Chinese calligraphy, painting, paper cutting, and even embroidery. Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. The original use of lanterns was primarily as a light source. They were used both indoors and out to provide a shaded light for reading and working. The protection from wind provided by the decorative silk or paper shade kept the lanterns from going out with the breeze. In ancient China, they were used to provide light and eventually as aspects of Buddhist worship. Moreover, they are used for decoration, celebration and festivals. For examples, lanterns hung at Chinese New Year are thought to scare aware the Nian monster and bring good luck. The Lantern Festival is one of the best days to view Chinese lanterns in action. It is always held on the 15th day of the first Chinese lunar month. The festival is viewed as the end to the Chinese New Year celebrations and is celebrated with the release of floating and flying lanterns. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Bamboo / Wood / Rattan / Wire, Paper / Silk Interesting Facts Origins, stories or incidents happened that are related to the item, to provide extra information and details. Originally, monks used lanterns on the twelfth day of the first lunar month in their worship of the Buddha. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Emperor Liu Zhuang was a Buddhist and he ordered the inhabitants of the imperial palace and citizens to light lanterns to worship the Buddha just as the monks did. Later, this custom gradually became a grand festival among common people. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chinese Lantern 燈籠 Description An account of the resource Originated from Eastern Han Dynasty, paper lanterns were mainly used as lamps in ancient China. Paper and silk were the major materials used for manufacturing. Subject The topic of the resource Light, Festival, Entertainment Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220 AD) Relation A related resource Sky Lantern Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Various dimensions Han Dynasty