1 10 8 https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/cf6e5b00d5ba7557dc478bafc4057be7.jpg 31efd7ac0dae9527b8657d86de9ef6fb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ceramic Description An account of the resource Ceramic (from clay) produces a lot of containers and tools for many ancient Chinese people. Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. Different parts of a Terracotta warrior were created separately then assembled afterwards. Each of the 8,000 terracotta warriors is unique, with a different face and facial expression, and they vary in uniform and hairstyle in accordance with rank. Archeologists believe that they were manufactured in workshops by government labourers and local craftsmen. After completion, the figures were positioned in the tomb along with real weapons and body armour (subsequently stolen) in precise military formation. At the very beginning, when the Army was made, the whole army, including warriors, chariots and horses, was painted and looked more colorful than it does today. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Ceramic Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. The Terracotta Army was meant to protect Qin Shi Huang in the afterlife. Interesting Facts Origins, stories or incidents happened that are related to the item, to provide extra information and details. In 1974 when the vaults were opened and exposed to the atmosphere. The original colour coatings were severely damaged, then aged and peeled off, thanks to quick oxidation when the sculptures are unearthed. Xia Yin, director of the relics-protection department at Emperor Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum Site Museum explains what happened: “Practically every warrior and horse was painted, but having been buried for more than 2,200 years the pigments were so old they began to change just 15 seconds after they were unearthed. Within four minutes the painting layers bound together by pigments became dehydrated, tilted and broke from the surface.” Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Terracotta Army 兵馬俑 Description An account of the resource The Terracotta Army (also known as the "Terracotta Warriors") is a massive collection of terracotta sculpture consisting of 8,000 clay warriors and horses which were discovered in 1974 next to the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, Qin Shi Huangdi, who died in 210 BC, in Shaanxi province, China. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Qin Shi Huangdi Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Height: 184-197cm (6ft-6ft 5in) Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Subject The topic of the resource Ceramic, Funeral, War Qin Dynasty https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/24d14b2938270397ef4c8c11f908faad.jpg 3a2883e2cbd78283a2a0d731717ea403 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ceramic Description An account of the resource Ceramic (from clay) produces a lot of containers and tools for many ancient Chinese people. Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. Generally, opera masks are made up of ceramic material. And while in blank face, the performer or perhaps a makeup artist can design or decorate the face with detailed and decorative artwork defining and enhancing more the character and thus establishes the role. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Ceramic Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. These masks are more than seemingly as added decorations. Chinese opera masks are significant in a way that they represent the performers’ or characters’ personalities, intense moods, and status quo even. Interesting Facts Origins, stories or incidents happened that are related to the item, to provide extra information and details. The acting mask is quite closely associated with the “Masquerading” dramatic play of the Tang Dynasty. As the story goes, King Lan Ling of the Northern Qi Kingdom was such a brave and courageous fighter, but his appearance was too handsome that he cannot frighten the enemy. So he would wear a carved wooden mask to lead his army into battle, and triumphed over the enemy like it was never before. The theatrical drama “King Lan Ling going to battle” of the Tang Dynasty is a depiction of King Lan Ling of the Kingdom of Northern Qi commanding his troupe to launch an attack on the enemy. The stage actors would all wear masks in the performance. Since then, acting masks started to appear in theatrical dramas. Similar opera masks can be seen by performers of Bian Lian. Bian Lian is an ancient Chinese dramatic art that is part of the more general Sichuan opera. Performers wear brightly colored costumes and move to quick, dramatic music. They also wear vividly colored masks, typically depicting well known characters from the opera, which they change from one face to another almost instantaneously with the swipe of a fan, a movement of the head, or wave of the hand. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Opera Mask 面譜 Description An account of the resource The Chinese opera is one of the oldest known dramatic art forms worldwide. However, it is evident that most audience or spectators are more fascinated with the Opera masks normally used in every opera performance. Subject The topic of the resource Face, Performance, Drawings, Face-decoration Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Beijing Opera Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Face sized and shaped, Colourful decoration Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Tang Dynasty https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/254aed00aa36d99946a4307a0d6e29b3.jpg 5517e480f4b6af4cdbf2612647466a6e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ceramic Description An account of the resource Ceramic (from clay) produces a lot of containers and tools for many ancient Chinese people. Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Method Clay sculpture has been handed down among the people for about three thousand years. These sculptures are made from the special clay called “Ban Ban Tu,” found only in Fengxiang County, northwest of Xi’an. The clay is well-suited for making sculptures because it is very sticky and doesn’t crack easily after it dries. The figurines are made of this local clay mixed with pulp, then painted after shaping. The craft of making the painted clay-figurines of Fengxiang has a recorded history of more than three hundred years. According to folk-lore, however, the figurines first appeared some six hundred years ago. Usage The subjects of the figurines span a wide range of bold and brief shapes of wild exaggeration and bright colours with a strong local flavour. They are well received by the local people, who put them as toys and symbols of good fortune and happiness. Every time when the lunar New Year draws near, the local handicraftsmen, with the beautifully painted clay-figurines on shoulders or in hand, would converge on the market and set up stalls in meandering lines. This makes the country fair during the festival more flourishing and exciting. Infused with simple and sincere feelings of the laboring people, the painted clay-figurines reflected the superb creative ability in art of the peasants and are typical articles of folk art. They not only attract the attention of artists, but also appeal very much to people of various fields both at home and abroad. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. The clay is well-suited for making sculptures because it is very sticky and doesn’t crack easily after it dries. The figurines are made of this local clay mixed with pulp, then painted after shaping. The craft of making the painted clay-figurines of Fengxiang has a recorded history of more than three hundred years. According to folk-lore, however, the figurines first appeared some six hundred years ago. Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. The subjects of the figurines span a wide range of bold and brief shapes of wild exaggeration and bright colours with a strong local flavour. They are well received by the local people, who put them as toys and symbols of good fortune and happiness. Every time when the lunar New Year draws near, the local handicraftsmen, with the beautifully painted clay-figurines on shoulders or in hand, would converge on the market and set up stalls in meandering lines. This makes the country fair during the festival more flourishing and exciting. Infused with simple and sincere feelings of the laboring people, the painted clay-figurines reflected the superb creative ability in art of the peasants and are typical articles of folk art. They not only attract the attention of artists, but also appeal very much to people of various fields both at home and abroad. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Mud, Ceramic Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fengxiang Clay Sculpture 泥塑 Description An account of the resource Clay sculpture has been handed down among the people for about three thousand years. These sculptures are made from the special clay called “Ban Ban Tu,” found only in Fengxiang County, northwest of Xi’an. Subject The topic of the resource Clay, Mud, Sculpture Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Mud-colour, Sticky texture (at first) Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BC) Zhou Dynasty https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/052090c2eb7bd2e2ea403e9429fbcdc9.jpg 1020a633735b4c64a78fd5c01dbff8b7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ceramic Description An account of the resource Ceramic (from clay) produces a lot of containers and tools for many ancient Chinese people. Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. It is thought that the first porcelain was made by firing the ceramic materials to the necessary temperature. By so doing, they made a kind of light but strong ceramic that was preferable for artistic and decorative purposes, and it has been in high demand ever since. Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. With obvious advantages over pottery, such as toughness and durability, porcelain was accepted by people rapidly and soon became a necessity. The most common porcelain pieces are crockery: bowls, plates, tea sets, etc. These porcelain items improved people's lives vastly, especially eating and drinking. Another daily use of porcelain was stationery items. In imperial China, most scholars had a preference for elegant porcelain-made stationery, such as penholders and paperweights. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Ceramic Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource White Porcelain 白瓷 Description An account of the resource In Lin cheng, Nei qiu and Xing tai, in northern Hebei, a hard, white porcelain, called Xing porcelain, gained fame and became the standard Tang porcelain. White porcelain was pottery created with a plain white glaze. It began mature production during the Sui Dynasty (581-618 AD). White porcelain was highly praised for its minimalistic design. It was commonly used for everyday items. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Sui Dynasty (581-618 AD) Subject The topic of the resource Plain, Tang porcelain, Clay, Bottle Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Hard, Smooth, White Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Relation A related resource White Porcelain, Celadon, Enamel Painted Porcelain, Black Porcelain Sui Dynasty https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/266b166e7e45c47c7a4e6b53fab80163.jpg ecf725a5853c6aae9b755a770cd6fc7d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ceramic Description An account of the resource Ceramic (from clay) produces a lot of containers and tools for many ancient Chinese people. Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. Blue and white porcelain is contrived using the color blue, usually from cobalt oxide, to create designs on shaped clean, white clay that is then covered in a layer of transparent glaze and baked in a kiln at high temperatures. Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. The subjects of the figurines span a wide range of bold and brief shapes of wild exaggeration and bright colours with a strong local flavour. They are well received by the local people, who put them as toys and symbols of good fortune and happiness. Every time when the lunar New Year draws near, the local handicraftsmen, with the beautifully painted clay-figurines on shoulders or in hand, would converge on the market and set up stalls in meandering lines. This makes the country fair during the festival more flourishing and exciting. Infused with simple and sincere feelings of the laboring people, the painted clay-figurines reflected the superb creative ability in art of the peasants and are typical articles of folk art. They not only attract the attention of artists, but also appeal very much to people of various fields both at home and abroad. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Ceramic Interesting Facts Origins, stories or incidents happened that are related to the item, to provide extra information and details. There is an interesting story that took place in 1603, when a Portuguese cargo ship, the Santa Catarina, bearing thousands of pieces of Ming porcelain, was anchored outside of Singapore. A Dutch ship attacked, causing the crew to flee, and the porcelain was appropriated and taken to Europe where it sold so well at auction as to cause considerable "porcelain mania". The porcelain fetched such high prices that it became known as "white gold" by some. Extensive legal proceedings followed to determine whether taking the cargo was an act of illegal piracy, or whether Portugal and Holland were in fact at war at the time. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Blue and White Porcelain 青花瓷 Description An account of the resource Blue and white porcelain is pottery with a white base and treated with a vibrant blue glaze. It began in the Tang Dynasty (618AD-907 AD) when cobalt started to be imported from Persia. Blue and white porcelain was often portrayed works of the blue wolf and the fallow doe, mythical ancestors of Mongolia, during the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368 AD). Subject The topic of the resource Pottery, Porcelain, Folk art Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived White Porcelain Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) Relation A related resource White Porcelain, Celadon, Enamel Painted Porcelain, Black Porcelain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Hard, Smooth, Blue, White Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Tang Dynasty https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/b33a407154b2f1c84a15ea872775dc7f.jpg b1dfcb8bfaf9f50e00545272bf03ca13 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ceramic Description An account of the resource Ceramic (from clay) produces a lot of containers and tools for many ancient Chinese people. Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Method Celadon is created using stoneware (or porcelain) and fired in a reduction kiln, one of the reasons being is this has the highest reaction with iron oxide, which is used in the glaze. The ingredients are carefully mixed (as not enough or too much of something can dramatically alter the final outcome). Some wares were coated with a thin layer of slip containing iron before they were glazed. The method of creating Longquan pottery is incredibly precise (as with all celadon wares) and actually goes through a cycle of six stages of heating and cooling. The temperatures reach a maximum of 1310 degrees Celsius and through the entire process, the firing of the stoneware glazes are carefully controlled. UNESCO states that in Longquan pottery there are two types of celadon: ‘elder brother’ which has a ‘black finish and a crackle effect’ and the ‘younger brother’ has a ‘thick lavender-grey and plum-green finish’. The rich coloring of traditional celadon comes from the fact it’s fired at very high temperatures, ranging from 2,300 degrees Fahrenheit up to 2,381 degrees Fahrenheit. Goryeo ceramics coloring comes mainly from the type of clay that’s used, as typically there’s a lot of iron in the clay, plus ‘iron oxide and manganese oxide and quartz particles in the glaze’. Usage It possesses a similar color to jade, and gained high prices both at home and aboard. Before blue and white porcelain took center stage, celadon was highly recognized by the Chinese imperial court. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. Celadon is created using stoneware (or porcelain) and fired in a reduction kiln, one of the reasons being is this has the highest reaction with iron oxide, which is used in the glaze. The ingredients are carefully mixed (as not enough or too much of something can dramatically alter the final outcome). Some wares were coated with a thin layer of slip containing iron before they were glazed. The method of creating Longquan pottery is incredibly precise (as with all celadon wares) and actually goes through a cycle of six stages of heating and cooling. The temperatures reach a maximum of 1310 degrees Celsius and through the entire process, the firing of the stoneware glazes are carefully controlled. UNESCO states that in Longquan pottery there are two types of celadon: ‘elder brother’ which has a ‘black finish and a crackle effect’ and the ‘younger brother’ has a ‘thick lavender-grey and plum-green finish’. The rich coloring of traditional celadon comes from the fact it’s fired at very high temperatures, ranging from 2,300 degrees Fahrenheit up to 2,381 degrees Fahrenheit. Goryeo ceramics coloring comes mainly from the type of clay that’s used, as typically there’s a lot of iron in the clay, plus ‘iron oxide and manganese oxide and quartz particles in the glaze’. Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. It possesses a similar color to jade, and gained high prices both at home and aboard. Before blue and white porcelain took center stage, celadon was highly recognized by the Chinese imperial court. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Ceramic Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Celadon 青瓷 Description An account of the resource Celadon was a type of pottery finished off with a pale grayish-green glaze. To give off this effect, the ceramic would be applied with liquified clay rich in iron before being heated up. The iron in the clay would oxidize to unravel its distinct colour. Celadon dates back to the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BC) and the Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BC). Subject The topic of the resource Green, Porcelain, Pottery Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BC) & Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BC) Relation A related resource White Porcelain, Blue and White Porcelain, Black Porcelain, Enamel Painted Porcelain Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Smooth texture Shang Dynasty https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/768b39e808c16c6f2bfd53cb4fff4049.jpg 933fcb6fa0cf76b374a9c36a1c3d2de9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ceramic Description An account of the resource Ceramic (from clay) produces a lot of containers and tools for many ancient Chinese people. Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Method It used a higher concentration of black iron oxide below the clear glaze. Usage The earliest black porcelain appeared in the Shang and Zhou era (1600–221 BC). However, not until the Song Dynasty (970–1279) did it became pervasive. Then in the Ming Dynasty, it declined in popularity, and was considered as a second-rate household product. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. It used a higher concentration of black iron oxide below the clear glaze. Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. The earliest black porcelain appeared in the Shang and Zhou era (1600–221 BC). However, not until the Song Dynasty (970–1279 AD) did it became pervasive. Then in the Ming Dynasty, it declined in popularity, and was considered as a second-rate household product. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Ceramic Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Porcelain 黑瓷 Description An account of the resource Black porcelain is a type of pottery with a pure black base which was achieved by using a black iron glaze. It started during the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BC) and was for ordinary use. Subject The topic of the resource Black Colour, Pottery, Porcelain Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BC) Relation A related resource Enamel Painted Porcelain, Celadon, Blue and White Porcelain, White Porcelain Type The nature or genre of the resource craft Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Hard, Smooth, Black Shang Dynasty https://learning.hku.hk/ccch9051/group-64/files/original/a7085f06da88e6fb8188c2c5c0610aa4.jpg ee4c1ad520f84cdbae00b0dc578ba857 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ceramic Description An account of the resource Ceramic (from clay) produces a lot of containers and tools for many ancient Chinese people. Crafts An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance that is handmade or crafted by simple tools. Crafting Method Applying a variety of over-glaze pigments to decorative schemes of flower, landscape and figurative scenes, these wares have gained great fame in the West. In the eighteenth century, borrowing from techniques in the decoration of metalware, enamel was painted on porcelain to create vivid colors and stunning patterns. Crafting Methods The ways used to construct and produce crafts. Applying a variety of over-glaze pigments to decorative schemes of flower, landscape and figurative scenes, these wares have gained great fame in the West. In the eighteenth century, borrowing from techniques in the decoration of metalware, enamel was painted on porcelain to create vivid colors and stunning patterns. Materials Objects used to create, produce or develop the item Ceramic Usage and Application The real-life implications or uses of the selected crafts. It was used for decoration. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Enamel Painted Porcelain 琺瑯彩繪瓷 （景泰藍） Description An account of the resource Enamel Painted Porcelain was pottery that featured unique techniques such as overglaze painting and cloisonné (embedding of minerals). It emerged during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912 AD) which dubbed it as Qing porcelain. The Qing imperial court would order custom-made pieces of enamel painted porcelain. Subject The topic of the resource Porcelain, Colour, Pattern Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Ordinary Chinese Porcelain Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Qing Dynasty (1644-1912 AD) Relation A related resource White Porcelain, Blue and White Porcelain, Black Porcelain, Celadon Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Hard, Smooth, Colourful Type The nature or genre of the resource Craft Qing Dynasty